NCDC Warns of Imminent Cerebrospinal Meningitis Outbreak

The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has warned Nigerians about a potential cerebrospinal meningitis [CSM] outbreak in the country this year. According to a public health advisory released by the NCDC on January 12, 2024, there is an increased risk of CSM outbreak in the country, especially in the ‘Meningitis Belt’ which includes all 19 states in the northern region, the FCT and some southern states. While no confirmed cases have been reported yet, the NCDC urges vigilance and proactive measures to prevent the spread of this potentially life-threatening disease. And has consistently alerted state governments and public health authorities to the issue and has deployed Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) to Jigawa and Bauchi states to investigate reports of rising cases and provide medical and laboratory commodities to aid response.

A History of Meningitis in Nigeria:

Sadly, CSM is no stranger to our communities. Nigeria lies within the "meningitis belt" of Africa, a region prone to outbreaks during the dry season (December to May). In 2023 alone, over 1686 suspected cases were reported, resulting in 124 deaths. These numbers remind us of the importance of vigilance and proactive measures.

Understanding Cerebrospinal Meningitis: A Guide to Prevention and Treatment

What is Cerebrospinal Meningitis CSM:

Cerebrospinal Meningitis CSM is a serious and potentially fatal disease that occurs when there is an acute inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and the spinal cord. It can be caused by different types of bacteria, but the most common cause in Nigeria is Neisseria meningitidis serotype C2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae. CSM can affect anyone, but children under five years and young adults are more vulnerable.

Symptoms to Watch Out For:

Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for preventing serious complications and fatalities from CSM. Be aware of the following symptoms:

• Sudden high fever ( above 38.5°C)
• Severe headache
• Stiff neck, making it difficult to bend the chin forward
• Nausea and vomiting
• Confusion, disorientation, or seizures
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• Skin rash (in some cases)

If you or anyone you know experiences these symptoms, you should seek medical attention immediately.

Prevention:

The good news is that meningitis can be prevented and treated. Here are some ways you can protect your children from this deadly disease. Fortunately, several effective measures can significantly reduce your risk of contracting CSM.  Though meningitis can be prevented by vaccination, the availability and effectiveness of vaccines vary depending on the type of bacteria.

1. Vaccination:

Routine Immunisation: Ensure your children are up-to-date on all recommended vaccines, including the Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. These vaccines offer protection against meningitis-causing bacteria.

Meningitis A Conjugate Vaccine: This vaccine is available through the national immunisation programme and provides long-lasting protection against serogroup-A meningitis, a common strain in Nigeria.

Reactive Vaccination Campaigns: During outbreaks, the NCDC may conduct mass vaccination campaigns to target specific populations at risk.

2. Personal Hygiene:

• Practice frequent handwashing with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing.
• Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
• Maintain good ventilation in living spaces.
• Cover your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing with a tissue or your elbow.

3. Community Awareness:

Educate yourself and others about CSM symptoms and preventive measures.

Encourage prompt medical attention for anyone experiencing CSM symptoms.

4. Staying Informed:

Regularly check the NCDC website and other official sources such WHO Meningitis Fact Sheet, and the Meningitis Research Foundation, for updates on CSM outbreaks.

Follow NCDC's social media channels for public health advisories and educational resources.  Also, do well to follow and subscribe to this blog for timely update

Together, we can prevent the spread of CSM and ensure a healthier future for all Nigerians.

Seek information from trusted healthcare professionals.

By taking these preventive measures and staying informed, we can collectively protect ourselves and our communities from the threat of CSM outbreaks in Nigeria. Remember, early detection and prompt action are key to saving lives.

Treatment Options:

If you suspect CSM, seek immediate medical attention at a qualified healthcare facility. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with antibiotics are essential to prevent complications and death and can significantly improve the chances of recovery. In some cases, supportive care, such as pain management and fluid replacement, may also be necessary.

Conclusion

Remember, knowledge is power, and mothers like us can be the frontline defence against CSM. By following these simple steps, raising awareness, and seeking timely medical help, we can create a safe and healthy environment for our children and our communities. Let's stand united, informed, and vigilant against this preventable disease.

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